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Architecture and merchants --- Merchants and architecture --- Merchants --- History --- Mukhā (Yemen) --- Mocha, Yemen --- Mokha (Yemen) --- Makha (Yemen) --- Mocha (Yemen) --- Buildings, structures, etc. --- Commerce

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Merchants --- Aragon (Spain) --- Aragon (Spain) --- Commerce --- History --- History.

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occupations [livelihoods] --- economische geschiedenis --- Hollandse school --- marktstukken --- textielnijverheid --- vrouwengeschiedenis --- merchants --- women [female humans] --- anno 1600-1699

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History of Antwerp --- Consumer behavior --- anno 1700-1799 --- Merchants --- History --- Antwerp (Belgium) --- Economic conditions --- Credit --- Belgium --- 18th century

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Taking a new approach to the study of cross-cultural trade, this book blends archival research with historical narrative and economic analysis to understand how the Sephardic Jews of Livorno, Tuscany, traded in regions near and far in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Francesca Trivellato tests assumptions about ethnic and religious trading diasporas and networks of exchange and trust. Her extensive research in international archives-including a vast cache of merchants’ letters written between 1704 and 1746-reveals a more nuanced view of the business relations between Jews and non-Jews across the Mediterranean, Atlantic Europe, and the Indian Ocean than ever before. The book argues that cross-cultural trade was predicated on and generated familiarity among strangers, but could coexist easily with religious prejudice. It analyzes instances in which business cooperation among coreligionists and between strangers relied on language, customary norms, and social networks more than the progressive rise of state and legal institutions.

Jews --- Sephardim --- Jewish merchants --- Merchants, Jewish --- Merchants --- Jews, Sephardic --- Ladinos (Spanish Jews) --- Sefardic Jews --- Sephardi Jews --- Sephardic Jews --- Jews, Portuguese --- Jews, Spanish --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- History --- Economic conditions --- Social conditions --- Social life and customs --- Livorno (Italy) --- Leghorn (Italy) --- Livourne (Italy) --- Comune di Livorno (Italy) --- Libornou (Italy) --- Commerce --- Ethnic relations --- Jewish religion --- History of civilization --- History of Italy --- anno 1700-1799 --- Livorno